What does bulking refer to in hydraulic studies?

Bulking refers to the increase in flow volume due to various factors, which is accurately captured by the correct answer. In hydraulic studies, bulking occurs when materials such as sediments, organic matter, or other debris become dislodged and suspended in water, leading to an increase in the overall volume of flow. This can happen due to the addition of these materials to the water body, causing what is sometimes referred to as "bulking". Factors contributing to bulking may include runoff during heavy rainfall, changes in land use that increase erosion, or alterations in the waterway that result in increased sediment supply. Understanding bulking is essential in managing water quality and sediment transport, particularly in stormwater management and erosion control strategies.