What does cavitation in hydraulic systems refer to?

Cavitation in hydraulic systems refers to the phenomenon that occurs when the pressure of a liquid drops below its vapor pressure, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. These bubbles can form in various areas of a hydraulic system, such as in pumps and around propellers. When the pressure recovers, these vapor bubbles collapse violently, causing shock waves that can erode the material surfaces around them.

The option about erosion by suction in a diverging jet accurately describes cavitation, as it highlights the mechanism where low pressure leads to the formation of bubbles that can result in erosion upon collapsing. This type of fluid behavior can lead to significant damage within hydraulic systems if not properly managed.

Understanding this process is crucial for professionals working in fields related to water management, as it helps in designing systems that can withstand such conditions and in taking measures to prevent damage caused by cavitation.