What type of pollution does Section 401 require certifications for?

Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires certifications for any pollutant discharge that may affect the water quality of navigable waters. This section mandates that projects involving discharges into waters of the United States obtain a certification from the state or authorized tribe, affirming that the discharge will comply with water quality standards.

This includes a wide range of pollutants, such as chemical, physical, biological, and even thermal discharges. The comprehensive nature of this requirement ensures that all potential contaminants are evaluated for their impact on water quality, promoting overall environmental protection.

This broad scope distinguishes it from the options that specify only one category of pollutants. Such focused categories would not encompass the full range of potential impacts and pollutants that could arise during various activities affecting our water resources. Therefore, considering all types of possible discharges is essential for effective water quality management and pollution prevention.