Which layer of soil is located below the topsoil layer?

The layer of soil located directly beneath the topsoil is known as the B layer, also referred to as the subsoil. This layer typically contains minerals leached from the topsoil above and is often denser and more compacted than the layer of topsoil. The B layer plays a critical role in the soil profile as it influences both the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, impacting water retention and nutrient availability for plants.

The topsoil, which is primarily made up of organic matter and is the most fertile layer, contributes to the growth of vegetation. However, it is the B layer that provides important information about the overall health of the soil and its capacity to support life. Understanding the structure and function of these soil layers is essential for effective erosion, sediment, and stormwater management, as it informs practices related to soil conservation and land management.