Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of establishing vegetation?

Utilizing non-native species is not considered a basic principle of establishing vegetation because the focus is typically on using native species that are well-adapted to the local environment. Native species generally require less maintenance, are more resistant to local pests and diseases, and support local wildlife and ecosystems. In contrast, non-native species can sometimes negatively impact local flora and fauna, disrupt ecosystems, and lead to issues such as overcrowding or invasive species problems.

The other principles, such as stockpiling topsoil, managing surface and groundwater, and stabilizing slopes, are important for creating suitable conditions for vegetation establishment. Stockpiling topsoil helps ensure that the necessary nutrients and structure are available for plant growth when vegetation is established. Managing surface and groundwater is crucial to prevent erosion or flooding that could hinder plant development. Stabilizing slopes helps prevent soil erosion and loss, providing a more stable environment for plants to take root and grow effectively. These practices are all essential for achieving successful vegetation establishment in an area.